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Description

Ritalin (Methylphenidate) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It helps increase attention, focus, and impulse control in people with ADHD and promotes wakefulness in those with narcolepsy. Here's an overview:

How Ritalin Works:
Ritalin affects the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily dopamine and norepinephrine. These chemicals play a key role in attention, motivation, and movement, and by increasing their availability, Ritalin improves focus and attention.

Dosage Forms:
Tablets: Immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (ER).
Liquid: For those who may have trouble swallowing pills.
Extended-release capsules: These provide a longer duration of action, usually up to 12 hours.
Uses:
ADHD: Ritalin is primarily used to reduce symptoms like hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattentiveness.
Narcolepsy: It helps control excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Dosage:
The dosage depends on age, condition, and response to treatment.
For ADHD, it's usually started at a low dose and gradually increased.
Immediate-release Ritalin typically lasts 3–4 hours, while extended-release forms can last between 8–12 hours.
Common Side Effects:
Nervousness
Insomnia
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Increased heart rate
Headache
Weight loss
Precautions:
It should be used cautiously in people with a history of heart problems, high blood pressure, or anxiety disorders.
Long-term use may lead to dependence or abuse, so it’s classified as a Schedule II controlled substance.
Contraindications:
People with severe anxiety, agitation, or glaucoma should avoid Ritalin.
It should not be used in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
Interactions:
Ritalin can interact with other medications, especially antidepressants and blood pressure medications, which can affect how well the drug works or increase the risk of side effects.
Always use Ritalin under a doctor’s supervision, as improper use can lead to serious side effects, including cardiovascular issues or addiction.

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