A laparoscope looks like a hysteroscope, but it is inserted into the pelvic and abdominal cavities to diagnose and treat gynecologic disorders. Instead of using fluid to expand the cavity, carbon dioxide gas is introduced to provide visualization of the internal organs. A camera is attached to guide the surgeon and to document the findings with photographs.

Laparoscopy has many uses, including the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, fibroid tumors, infertility, and ovarian cysts.

Many surgical procedures that used to be performed through larger abdominal incisions are now performed laparoscopically.