1. Check Indexing & Database Listings Verify if the journal is listed in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, DOAJ, or UGC CARE. Be cautious if the journal claims indexing in databases you can’t confirm. 2. Evaluate the Publisher’s Website Look for professional design, clear editorial policies, and proper contact information. Avoid journals with poorly written websites, grammatical errors, or suspicious claims. 3. Examine the Editorial Board Check whether editorial members are real and reputable scholars. Look up the experts on university/research institution websites to confirm their involvement. 4. Check Peer Review Process A genuine journal explains its peer-review process clearly. If a journal promises very fast publication (e.g., 1–7 days), it’s usually a red flag. 5. Verify Journal Metrics Be careful with fake impact factors (like “Global Impact Factor,” “Cosmos Impact Factor”). Only trust metrics from Clarivate (JCR IF) or Scopus (CiteScore, SJR, SNIP).